FirstBlood (1ST) was an ERC-20 token for a decentralized esports tournament platform. Its September 2016 crowdsale was notable for selling out rapidly, making i
Token Information
Key Facts
Description
FirstBlood's 1ST token contract was deployed during the 2016 ICO wave on Ethereum and used as the core token for the project's decentralized esports product vision. Project materials describe 1ST as the token for platform participation, with smart-contract settlement and on-chain token distribution after the presale.
FirstBlood was a decentralized competitive gaming and esports platform that allowed players to challenge each other and earn rewards in cryptocurrency. The project launched its token crowdsale on September 25, 2016, deploying the FirstBloodToken contract with the symbol 1ST. The sale attracted overwhelming demand and completed in minutes, raising approximately 5,500 ETH.
The platform aimed to provide trustless match verification using oracles and witness nodes to validate game outcomes on-chain, removing the need for a centralized arbiter. Over its operational lifetime (2016–2025), FirstBlood hosted hundreds of thousands of tournament events for competitive gamers worldwide.
FirstBlood was later rebranded to Dawn Protocol. The platform announced discontinuation of services in March 2025, marking the end of one of the earliest blockchain-powered esports ventures.
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/**
* Overflow aware uint math functions.
*
* Inspired by https://github.com/MakerDAO/maker-otc/blob/master/contracts/simple_market.sol
*/
contract SafeMath {
//internals
function safeMul(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
uint c = a * b;
assert(a == 0 || c / a == b);
return c;
}
function safeSub(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
assert(b <= a);
return a - b;
}
function safeAdd(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
uint c = a + b;
assert(c>=a && c>=b);
return c;
}
function assert(bool assertion) internal {
if (!assertion) throw;
}
}
/**
* ERC 20 token
*
* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
*/
contract Token {
/// @return total amount of tokens
function totalSupply() constant returns (uint256 supply) {}
/// @param _owner The address from which the balance will be retrieved
/// @return The balance
function balanceOf(address _owner) constant returns (uint256 balance) {}
/// @notice send `_value` token to `_to` from `msg.sender`
/// @param _to The address of the recipient
/// @param _value The amount of token to be transferred
/// @return Whether the transfer was successful or not
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {}
/// @notice send `_value` token to `_to` from `_from` on the condition it is approved by `_from`
/// @param _from The address of the sender
/// @param _to The address of the recipient
/// @param _value The amount of token to be transferred
/// @return Whether the transfer was successful or not
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {}
/// @notice `msg.sender` approves `_addr` to spend `_value` tokens
/// @param _spender The address of the account able to transfer the tokens
/// @param _value The amount of wei to be approved for transfer
/// @return Whether the approval was successful or not
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {}
/// @param _owner The address of the account owning tokens
/// @param _spender The address of the account able to transfer the tokens
/// @return Amount of remaining tokens allowed to spent
function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) constant returns (uint256 remaining) {}
event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _value);
event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);
}
/**
* ERC 20 token
*
* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
*/
contract StandardToken is Token {
/**
* Reviewed:
* - Interger overflow = OK, checked
*/
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
//Default assumes totalSupply can't be over max (2^256 - 1).
//If your token leaves out totalSupply and can issue more tokens as time goes on, you need to check if it doesn't wrap.
//Replace the if with this one instead.
if (balances[msg.sender] >= _value && balances[_to] + _value > balances[_to]) {
//if (balances[msg.sender] >= _value && _value > 0) {
balances[msg.sender] -= _value;
balances[_to] += _value;
Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
return true;
} else { return false; }
}
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
//same as above. Replace this line with the following if you want to protect against wrapping uints.
if (balances[_from] >= _value && allowed[_from][msg.sender] >= _value && balances[_to] + _value > balances[_to]) {
//if (balances[_from] >= _value && allowed[_from][msg.sender] >= _value && _value > 0) {
balances[_to] += _value;
balances[_from] -= _value;
allowed[_from][msg.sender] -= _value;
Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
return true;
} else { return false; }
}
function balanceOf(address _owner) constant returns (uint256 balance) {
return balances[_owner];
}
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
return true;
}
function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) constant returns (uint256 remaining) {
return allowed[_owner][_spender];
}
mapping(address => uint256) balances;
mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) allowed;
uint256 public totalSupply;
}
/**
* First blood crowdsale crowdsale contract.
*
* Security criteria evaluated against http://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/8551/methodological-security-review-of-a-smart-contract
*
*
*/
contract FirstBloodToken is StandardToken, SafeMath {
string public name = "FirstBlood Token";
string public symbol = "1ST";
uint public decimals = 18;
uint public startBlock; //crowdsale start block (set in constructor)
uint public endBlock; //crowdsale end block (set in constructor)
// Initial founder address (set in constructor)
// All deposited ETH will be instantly forwarded to this address.
// Address is a multisig wallet.
address public founder = 0x0;
// signer address (for clickwrap agreement)
// see function() {} for comments
address public signer = 0x0;
uint public etherCap = 465313 * 10**18; //max amount raised during crowdsale (5.5M USD worth of ether will be measured with a moving average market price at beginning of the crowdsale)
uint public transferLockup = 370285; //transfers are locked for this many blocks after endBlock (assuming 14 second blocks, this is 2 months)
uint public founderLockup = 2252571; //founder allocation cannot be created until this many blocks after endBlock (assuming 14 second blocks, this is 1 year)
uint public bountyAllocation = 2500000 * 10**18; //2.5M tokens allocated post-crowdsale for the bounty fund
uint public ecosystemAllocation = 5 * 10**16; //5% of token supply allocated post-crowdsale for the ecosystem fund
uint public founderAllocation = 10 * 10**16; //10% of token supply allocated post-crowdsale for the founder allocation
bool public bountyAllocated = false; //this will change to true when the bounty fund is allocated
bool public ecosystemAllocated = false; //this will change to true when the ecosystem fund is allocated
bool public founderAllocated = false; //this will change to true when the founder fund is allocated
uint public presaleTokenSupply = 0; //this will keep track of the token supply created during the crowdsale
uint public presaleEtherRaised = 0; //this will keep track of the Ether raised during the crowdsale
bool public halted = false; //the founder address can set this to true to halt the crowdsale due to emergency
event Buy(address indexed sender, uint eth, uint fbt);
event Withdraw(address indexed sender, address to, uint eth);
event AllocateFounderTokens(address indexed sender);
event AllocateBountyAndEcosystemTokens(address indexed sender);
function FirstBloodToken(address founderInput, address signerInput, uint startBlockInput, uint endBlockInput) {
founder = founderInput;
signer = signerInput;
startBlock = startBlockInput;
endBlock = endBlockInput;
}
/**
* Security review
*
* - Integer overflow: does not apply, blocknumber can't grow that high
* - Division is the last operation and constant, should not cause issues
* - Price function plotted https://github.com/Firstbloodio/token/issues/2
*/
function price() constant returns(uint) {
if (block.number>=startBlock && block.number<startBlock+250) return 170; //power hour
if (block.number<startBlock || block.number>endBlock) return 100; //default price
return 100 + 4*(endBlock - block.number)/(endBlock - startBlock + 1)*67/4; //crowdsale price
}
// price() exposed for unit tests
function testPrice(uint blockNumber) constant returns(uint) {
if (blockNumber>=startBlock && blockNumber<startBlock+250) return 170; //power hour
if (blockNumber<startBlock || blockNumber>endBlock) return 100; //default price
return 100 + 4*(endBlock - blockNumber)/(endBlock - startBlock + 1)*67/4; //crowdsale price
}
// Buy entry point
function buy(uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) {
buyRecipient(msg.sender, v, r, s);
}
/**
* Main token buy function.
*
* Security review
*
* - Integer math: ok - using SafeMath
*
* - halt flag added - ok
*
* Applicable tests:
*
* - Test halting, buying, and failing
* - Test buying on behalf of a recipient
* - Test buy
* - Test unhalting, buying, and succeeding
* - Test buying after the sale ends
*
*/
function buyRecipient(address recipient, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) {
bytes32 hash = sha256(msg.sender);
if (ecrecover(hash,v,r,s) != signer) throw;
if (block.number<startBlock || block.number>endBlock || safeAdd(presaleEtherRaised,msg.value)>etherCap || halted) throw;
uint tokens = safeMul(msg.value, price());
balances[recipient] = safeAdd(balances[recipient], tokens);
totalSupply = safeAdd(totalSupply, tokens);
presaleEtherRaised = safeAdd(presaleEtherRaised, msg.value);
if (!founder.call.value(msg.value)()) throw; //immediately send Ether to founder address
Buy(recipient, msg.value, tokens);
}
/**
* Set up founder address token balance.
*
* allocateBountyAndEcosystemTokens() must be calld first.
*
* Security review
*
* - Integer math: ok - only called once with fixed parameters
*
* Applicable tests:
*
* - Test bounty and ecosystem allocation
* - Test bounty and ecosystem allocation twice
*
*/
function allocateFounderTokens() {
if (msg.sender!=founder) throw;
if (block.number <= endBlock + founderLockup) throw;
if (founderAllocated) throw;
if (!bountyAllocated || !ecosystemAllocated) throw;
balances[founder] = safeAdd(balances[founder], presaleTokenSupply * founderAllocation / (1 ether));
totalSupply = safeAdd(totalSupply, presaleTokenSupply * founderAllocation / (1 ether));
founderAllocated = true;
AllocateFounderTokens(msg.sender);
}
/**
* Set up founder address token balance.
*
* Set up bounty pool.
*
* Security review
*
* - Integer math: ok - only called once with fixed parameters
*
* Applicable tests:
*
* - Test founder token allocation too early
* - Test founder token allocation on time
* - Test founder token allocation twice
*
*/
function allocateBountyAndEcosystemTokens() {
if (msg.sender!=founder) throw;
if (block.number <= endBlock) throw;
if (bountyAllocated || ecosystemAllocated) throw;
presaleTokenSupply = totalSupply;
balances[founder] = safeAdd(balances[founder], presaleTokenSupply * ecosystemAllocation / (1 ether));
totalSupply = safeAdd(totalSupply, presaleTokenSupply * ecosystemAllocation / (1 ether));
balances[founder] = safeAdd(balances[founder], bountyAllocation);
totalSupply = safeAdd(totalSupply, bountyAllocation);
bountyAllocated = true;
ecosystemAllocated = true;
AllocateBountyAndEcosystemTokens(msg.sender);
}
/**
* Emergency Stop crowdsale.
*
* Applicable tests:
*
* - Test unhalting, buying, and succeeding
*/
function halt() {
if (msg.sender!=founder) throw;
halted = true;
}
function unhalt() {
if (msg.sender!=founder) throw;
halted = false;
}
/**
* Change founder address (where crowdsale ETH is being forwarded).
*
* Applicable tests:
*
* - Test founder change by hacker
* - Test founder change
* - Test founder token allocation twice
*
*/
function changeFounder(address newFounder) {
if (msg.sender!=founder) throw;
founder = newFounder;
}
/**
* ERC 20 Standard Token interface transfer function
*
* Prevent transfers until freeze period is over.
*
* Applicable tests:
*
* - Test restricted early transfer
* - Test transfer after restricted period
*/
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
if (block.number <= endBlock + transferLockup && msg.sender!=founder) throw;
return super.transfer(_to, _value);
}
/**
* ERC 20 Standard Token interface transfer function
*
* Prevent transfers until freeze period is over.
*/
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
if (block.number <= endBlock + transferLockup && msg.sender!=founder) throw;
return super.transferFrom(_from, _to, _value);
}
/**
* Do not allow direct deposits.
*
* All crowdsale depositors must have read the legal agreement.
* This is confirmed by having them signing the terms of service on the website.
* They give their crowdsale Ethereum source address on the website.
* Website signs this address using crowdsale private key (different from founders key).
* buy() takes this signature as input and rejects all deposits that do not have
* signature you receive after reading terms of service.
*
*/
function() {
throw;
}
}