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DynamicPyramid

Unknown
0xa9e4e3b1da24...35e70e9ab26c
FrontierExact Bytecode Match
Deployed February 23, 2016 (10 years ago)Block 1,049,304

Self-adjusting pyramid scheme with declining multipliers (3x to 1.5x), deployed February 23, 2016. 140 participants entered, 136 still waiting for payout. Sourc...

Key Facts

Deployment Block
1,049,304
Deployment Date
Feb 23, 2016, 06:51 PM
Code Size
2.5 KB
Transactions by Year
2016379
20173
201825
20203
20211
20228
20249
202613

Description

DynamicPyramid was a self-adjusting pyramid scheme that changed its payout multiplier as participation grew, designed to extend the pyramid's lifespan beyond simple fixed-ratio schemes.

The contract started with a 3x multiplier: deposit 1 ETH, receive 3 ETH when your turn came. At 10 participants, the multiplier dropped to 2x. At 25 participants, it dropped to 1.5x. A 10% fee was collected on each deposit (halved to 5% for deposits of 50 ETH or more).

The pyramid collected 140 participants before running out of funds. 136 participants are still waiting for their payout. The creator (0xe5478b...) extracted fees but left participants stranded.

37 ETH remains locked in the contract, not enough to cover remaining obligations.

The source was found in hrishioa/smart-contract-benchmark, originally from Etherscan. Compiled with native C++ solc v0.2.0 from webthree-umbrella v1.1.2 with optimizer enabled.

Source Verified

SolidityExact bytecode match(2,549 bytes)
Compiler: solc v0

Exact runtime + creation match. Native C++ solc v0.2.0, optimizer enabled.

Heuristic Analysis

The following characteristics were detected through bytecode analysis and may not be accurate.

Detected Type: Unknown

Frontier Era

The initial release of Ethereum. A bare-bones implementation for technical users.

Block span: 01,149,999
July 30, 2015March 14, 2016

Bytecode Overview

Opcodes2,549
Unique Opcodes168
Jump Instructions181
Storage Operations86

Verified Source Available

Source verified through compiler archaeology and exact bytecode matching.

View Verification Proof
Show source code (Solidity)
contract DynamicPyramid {

    //Declare variables for storage critical to contract
    uint private balance = 0;
    uint private collectedFees = 0;
    uint private feePercent = 10;
    uint private pyramidMultiplier = 300;
    uint private payoutOrder = 0;

    address private creator;
    
    //Sets creator
    function DynamicPyramid() {
        creator = msg.sender;
    }

    modifier onlyowner { if (msg.sender == creator) _ }
    
    struct Participant {
        address etherAddress;
        uint payout;
    }

    Participant[] private participants;

    //Fallback function
    function() {
        init();
    }
    
    //init function run on fallback
    function init() private{
        //Ensures only tx with value of 1 ether or greater are processed and added to pyramid
        if (msg.value < 1 ether) {
            collectedFees += msg.value;
            return;
        }
        
        uint _fee = feePercent;
        //50% fee rebate on any ether value of 50 or greater
        if (msg.value >= 50 ether) _fee /= 2;
        
        addPayout(_fee);
    }
    
    //Function called for valid tx to the contract 
    function addPayout(uint _fee) private {
        //Adds new address to participant array
        participants.push(Participant(msg.sender, (msg.value * pyramidMultiplier) / 100));
        
        //These statements ensure a quicker payout system to later pyramid entrants, so the pyramid has a longer lifespan
        if (participants.length == 10)  pyramidMultiplier = 200;
        else if (participants.length == 25)  pyramidMultiplier = 150;
        
        // collect fees and update contract balance
        balance += (msg.value * (100 - _fee))/100;
        collectedFees += (msg.value * _fee)/100;
        
	//Pays earlier participiants if balance sufficient
        while (balance > participants[payoutOrder].payout) {
            uint payoutToSend = participants[payoutOrder].payout;
            participants[payoutOrder].etherAddress.send(payoutToSend);

            balance -= participants[payoutOrder].payout;
            payoutOrder += 1;
        }
    }

    //Fee functions for creator
    function collectAllFees() onlyowner {
        if (collectedFees == 0) throw;

        creator.send(collectedFees);
        collectedFees = 0;
    }
    
    function collectFeesInEther(uint _amt) onlyowner {
        _amt *= 1 ether;
        if (_amt > collectedFees) collectAllFees();
        
        if (collectedFees == 0) throw;

        creator.send(_amt);
        collectedFees -= _amt;
    }
    
    function collectPercentOfFees(uint _pcent) onlyowner {
        if (collectedFees == 0 || _pcent > 100) throw;
        
        uint feesToCollect = collectedFees / 100 * _pcent;
        creator.send(feesToCollect);
        collectedFees -= feesToCollect;
    }

    //Functions for changing variables related to the contract
    function changeOwner(address _owner) onlyowner {
        creator = _owner;
    }
    
    function changeMultiplier(uint _mult) onlyowner {
        if (_mult > 300 || _mult < 120) throw;
        
        pyramidMultiplier = _mult;
    }
    
    function changeFeePercentage(uint _fee) onlyowner {
        if (_fee > 10) throw;
        
        feePercent = _fee;
    }
    
    //Functions to provide information to end-user using JSON interface or other interfaces
    function currentMultiplier() constant returns (uint multiplier, string info) {
        multiplier = pyramidMultiplier;
        info = 'This multiplier applies to you as soon as transaction is received, may be lowered to hasten payouts or increased if payouts are fast enough. Due to no float or decimals, multiplier is x100 for a fractional multiplier e.g. 250 is actually a 2.5x multiplier. Capped at 3x max and 1.2x min.';
    }
    
    function currentFeePercentage() constant returns (uint fee, string info) {
        fee = feePercent;
        info = 'Shown in % form. Fee is halved(50%) for amounts equal or greater than 50 ethers. (Fee may change, but is capped to a maximum of 10%)';
    }
    
    function currentPyramidBalanceApproximately() constant returns (uint pyramidBalance, string info) {
        pyramidBalance = balance / 1 ether;
        info = 'All balance values are measured in Ethers, note that due to no decimal placing, these values show up as integers only, within the contract itself you will get the exact decimal value you are supposed to';
    }
    
    function nextPayoutWhenPyramidBalanceTotalsApproximately() constant returns (uint balancePayout) {
            balancePayout = participants[payoutOrder].payout / 1 ether;
    }
    
    function feesSeperateFromBalanceApproximately() constant returns (uint fees) {
        fees = collectedFees / 1 ether;
    }
    
    function totalParticipants() constant returns (uint count) {
        count = participants.length;
    }
    
    function numberOfParticipantsWaitingForPayout() constant returns (uint count) {
        count = participants.length - payoutOrder;
    }
    
    function participantDetails(uint orderInPyramid) constant returns (address Address, uint Payout)
    {
        if (orderInPyramid <= participants.length) {
            Address = participants[orderInPyramid].etherAddress;
            Payout = participants[orderInPyramid].payout / 1 ether;
        }
    }
}

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